An overview of progesterone

Progesterone is a natural progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum of the ovary and has significant morphological effects on the estrogen-stimulated endometrium in vivo, necessary for maintenance of the pregnancy. Drug Alias: Progesterone, progesterone, Utrogestan, Progestin. English name: Progesterone. Injection: Each 10mg (1ml); 20mg (1ml). Capsules: 100 mg per capsule. Compound progesterone injection: light yellow transparent oily liquid, each 1ml, containing progesterone 20mg and estradiol benzoate 20mg. Uses with progesterone, but the effect is better. Intramuscular daily 1ml, once every 2 to 4 days. Triad hormone injection: light yellow transparent oily liquid, each 1ml, containing progesterone 12.5mg, testosterone propionate 25mg and estradiol benzoate 1.5mg. Uses Compound progesterone injection, mainly for irregular menstruation, withdrawal of drug-induced bleeding less; also for menopausal syndrome and withdrawal of milk and so on. Muscle live daily or every other day 1ml, used 3 to 5 times.

Pharmacological effects of progesterone

Progesterone is a natural progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum of the ovary and has significant morphological effects on the estrogen-stimulated endometrium in vivo, necessary for maintenance of the pregnancy. Its pharmacological effects are:

1). in the late menstrual cycle to uterine mucosal gland growth, uterine congestion, intimal thickening, in order to prepare for fertilized egg implant. Fertilized eggs after implantation to the placenta, and reduce the excitability of the uterus of pregnancy, inhibit their activities, so that the safety of fetal growth.

2). in combination with estrogen, to promote the full development of the breast for milk production in preparation.

3). to close the cervix, mucus reduced thickening, so that sperm is not easy to penetrate; large doses of negative feedback through the role of the hypothalamus, inhibition of pituitary gonadotropin secretion, resulting in inhibition of ovulation.

[dynamics]: This product is orally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, the peak concentration of 1 to 3 hours, due to rapid metabolism and inactivation, it is generally used for injection, but sublingual or vaginal, rectal administration is also effective. Rapid absorption by the vaginal mucosa, by 2 to 6 hours of peak blood concentration. Which t1 / 2 only a few minutes, metabolites are pregnant diol and its glucuronic acid conjugate, from the urine.

Side effect

The international community has not recommended the use of progesterone treatment of threatened abortion, especially in early pregnancy should not be used. It is reported that the use of a large number of progesterone in early pregnancy, fetal spine, anus, limbs and other parts of the risk of malformations can increase 8-fold. If synthetic progesterone is used (eg, norethindrone is masculinized), about 18% of the females become masculine. This outcome is very unfortunate.

The use of progesterone miscarriage is very limited. Progesterone is a progestin that is useful for threatened abortion caused by inadequate corpus lutealis and progesterone deficiency. But first we need to find out if there is a lack of progesterone. Whether lack, can be confirmed by laboratory tests, but also by measuring the basal body temperature approach to understand.

Indeed, are corpus luteum insufficiency, in order to conception can be increased from the basal body temperature 3-4 days of progesterone injection, and intermittent use of 9-10 weeks, until the mother can naturally secrete progesterone date. Progesterone deficiency in the normal use of progesterone is not dangerous. I hope you can correct understanding of progesterone, a correct understanding of the different factors of abortion, a correct understanding of miscarriage, to avoid good intentions to do a bad thing.

Adaptation symptoms

Clinical mainly used for habitual abortion, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia or blood insomnia, amenorrhea and so on. Oral high-dose is also used for progesterone deficiency caused by the disease, such as premenstrual syndrome, menstrual disorders caused by ovulation stop, benign breast disease, premenopausal and menopause. Vaginal administration can replace oral, especially for patients with liver disease. Can also be used for benign prostatic hyperplasia, sleep apnea syndrome.

Drug efficacy

1, prepare for the implantation of fertilized eggs: This is one of the main role of progesterone. In women late menstrual cycle, progesterone will make the uterus mucosal gland growth, uterine congestion, intimal thickening, implantation of fertilized eggs, ready. Fertilized egg implantation, will produce the placenta, but also reduce the excitability of the uterus of pregnancy, inhibit their activity, so that the safety of fetal growth.

2, to promote breast development: progesterone and estrogen in the common role, can promote female breast, full development, for milk, make adequate preparation.

3, inhibition of ovulation: progesterone can close the cervix, mucus reduced thickening, so that sperm is not easy to penetrate; large doses, the hypothalamus by negative feedback, inhibition of pituitary gonadotropin secretion, resulting in inhibition of ovulation .

4, diuretic: This is one of the role of progesterone. Progesterone competitive against aldosterone, can promote sodium ions, and chloride excretion, and diuretic.

Classification of liquid preparations of progesterone

Progesterone injection: This product is progesterone drugs, with the general role of progesterone. In the late period of the menstrual cycle for the secretion of endometrial changes in pregnancy for the implantation to provide favorable conditions for implantation in the fertilized egg, placenta formation, can reduce the excitability of the uterus of pregnancy, the fetus can grow safely. In combination with estrogen, can promote breast development, in preparation for milk production. This product can be negative feedback on the hypothalamus, inhibition of pituitary luteinizing hormone release, so that the follicle can not mature to inhibit ovarian ovulation. This product is colorless or pale yellow oily liquid clarity.

Oil injection is rapidly absorbed after intramuscular injection. Metabolism in the liver, about 12% of the metabolism of pregnane diol, metabolites and glucuronide with urine excretion. Injection of 100mg, 6-8 hours plasma concentration of 68ng / kg, then gradually decreased, sustainable 48 hours, 72 hours disappear.

Long-acting progesterone: This product is long-acting progesterone, the progesterone activity of progesterone 7 times, no estrogenic activity. After intramuscular injection in local deposition, slow release, play a long-lasting effect, maintenance time 1 to 2 weeks or more.

Must be injected on a monthly basis. If the injection of solid precipitation can be dissolved in hot water, shake and then re-use. After injection, some people may have menstrual changes (such as menstruation, shortened cycle, the amount increased and irregular bleeding, the incidence of medication after six months that decreased significantly).